Certification Requirements for Class C5 Drones

The European Union has established a comprehensive regulatory framework for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, to ensure safety and efficiency in airspace. Within this framework, Class C5 represents a category designed for operations in the “specific” category, often used in standard scenarios that require more robust mitigation measures. These drones, while sharing some features with lower classes, are subject to stricter technical and operational requirements due to their higher risk potential and more complex applications.

In this article, we explore the essential requirements for Class C5 UAS, offering manufacturers and operators a complete understanding of this classification under Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 and Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/947.

What Is a Class C5 UAS?

Class C5 drones are designed for use within the “specific” category, often under the framework of standard scenarios (STS-01). This means that, unlike drones in the “open” category, they require an operational authorization or a declaration of compliance with a standard scenario submitted to the competent authority. This class allows for more ambitious operations but always under strict conditions and with enhanced safety features. A key aspect is that a Class C5 UAS can be a Class C3 UAS equipped with an accessory kit that upgrades it to Class C5.

Class Identification Label

Each Class C5 UAS must carry a visible label on the aircraft indicating its classification. If an accessory kit is used to convert a C3 drone into a C5, the C5 label must appear on all the accessories.

Maximum Take-Off Mass (MTOM)

A key feature of Class C5 drones is their maximum take-off mass (MTOM), which must be under 25 kg, including all payload. The manufacturer must declare this maximum weight in the drone’s technical documentation.

UA Configuration

A Class C5 drone must be a non-fixed-wing aircraft, unless tethered. This means C5 drones are generally expected to be rotary-wing or VTOL types.

Low-Speed Mode

Unless tethered, the Class C5 UAS must be equipped with a selectable “low-speed mode” that limits ground speed to no more than 5 m/s. The manufacturer must include in the instructions how to enable and disable this mode, along with its conditions and limitations.

C2 Link Monitoring and Alerts

The UAS must continuously monitor the command and control (C2) link and provide the remote pilot with a visual signal strength indicator with at least four levels (strong, medium, weak, C2 link loss). The C2 link must be protected against unauthorized access.

Flight Termination System (FTS)

A critical requirement for Class C5 drones is that they must be equipped with a flight termination system that is independent of the flight control system.

UA Altitude Information

Although Class C5 regulations do not impose a direct altitude limit like other classes, these drones must provide the remote pilot with clear and continuous information about their altitude above the surface or take-off point. If the drone has a geo-awareness function, it must comply with requirements for uploading airspace limitations.

Accessory Kit for C3 to C5 Conversion

For manufacturers, it is important to note that a Class C5 UAS can be a Class C3 UAS fitted with an accessory kit that enables conversion.

The accessory kit must not alter the UAS C3’s compliance with the requirements in Part 4 of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945.

It must ensure that the converted UAS complies with all additional requirements defined for Class C5.

The manufacturer’s instructions for the kit must include the list of compatible C3 UAS and installation and operation instructions for the accessory kit.

Manufacturer’s Instructions

The manufacturer’s instructions are essential for safe and compliant operation. The regulation requires that Class C5 drones include documentation covering:

Drone characteristics
Loss of command and control (C2) link
Clear operational instructions
Procedure to upload airspace limitations in the geo-awareness function
Maintenance instructions
Troubleshooting procedures
Operational limitations
Risk descriptions and safety precautions

EASA Information Notice

Finally, all Class C5 drones must include an information notice from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA). This must be the correct document published by EASA, available on their website, and it must be clearly visible on the packaging and legible.

Class C5 is essential for the safe and responsible integration of drones in more complex operations within European airspace. Complying with these technical and operational requirements not only ensures conformity with EU regulations but also contributes to a safer and more structured drone ecosystem. By following the criteria described, your Class C5 drone can operate safely and legally in the European market.

For more details on class labels and UAS certification, visit the EU Drone Port certification website. If you’re a manufacturer looking to certify your drones, EU Drone Port offers expert certification services as a recognized notified body.

Start the process with us at EU Drone Port and ensure your drone meets all Class C5 regulatory requirements for safe and compliant operation!